Dostoevsky’s Notes from the Underground Essay

The utopian society has a long tradition in both philosophical and literary works. The image of a perfect state ruled exclusively by principles of good and righteousness has spurred the imagination of thinkers and writers over the centuries. Perfect harmony and sublime harmony and understanding dominate this state of things where evil is no longer known. In his famous satirical work, Gulliver’s Travels, Jonathan Swift identifies and censures the flaws inherent in human nature and the general interests, prejudices and impulses that govern the human society. Although the traveler explores unknown and fantastical lands, the various societies he encounters are only different versions of the same human geography governed by reason but also by vice. The last visit however takes Gulliver to the land of the Houyhnhnms, a utopian society that lives in absolute harmony and that does not even comprehend the notion of evil or deceit. It is not by accident that this ideal state is inhabited and ruled by horses endowed with the power of reason while man, or the Yahoo, is a base animal that serves the Houyhnhnms. Swift shows through this utopian representation that, however miraculous the power of reason and creativity in man, it will always corrupted by vice. Human nature is and will always be paradoxical: while reason has the ability to reveal the truth and weigh good and evil, man’s passions and instincts often prevent him from choosing good over evil. In a very different way, Fyodor Dostoevsky’s Notes from the Underground delivers a similar message regarding the possibility of a utopian human society. The â€Å"crystal palace† that the underground man speaks of is a symbol for the impossible, unreachable and vain ideal that the humanity chases. Paradoxically, the same humanity despises this lofty dream because it cannot laugh at it as it would. Moreover, Dostoevsky emphasizes that humanity is not satisfied with perfect harmony and happiness, although it covets impossible dreams. Sufferance is essential to the structure of the individual and, in Dostoevsky’s view, a secret wish of man. Therefore, both Swift and Dostoevsky give similar views of mankind and the impossibility of utopian states. Reason, which gives man the ability to see the truth and distinguish between good and evil, will always be blinded by passion and impulses. Man is a complex and paradoxical being, endowed with a superior spirit but also with a passionate nature apt to lead him into temptations. Lemuel Gulliver travels through the world and lands on peculiar lands where the inhabitants only appear to be fantastical creatures. In fact, all of them prove to be wonderful mirroring of Swift’s British contemporary society. Every state that the traveler encounters is governed by people who are the prey of numberless human impulses such as greed, prejudice, egotism, stubbornness, misconception, deceitfulness and violence. The dwarfs in Lilliput and the giants in Brobdingnag are only two representations of humanity at a different scale. Through these two representations, Swift unmasks human vanity and malice. In both of these countries human reason is paired with cunning and vice. The absurd academies of Laputa mock the vain enterprises of the human reason to conquer nature and reality. Their complicated systems of thought and their absurd inventions and devices only serve to root them strongly in blindness and lies, keeping them farther away from the truth. At the end of the journey, the last of the stops is a utopian land that is antithetical to all the other societies the narrator has lived in. The simplicity of the Houyhnhnms’ society and customs contrasts sharply with the complexity of the human civilization. On the one hand, man is a noble being but also a vicious one. Man is haunted by passions and prone to subjective interpretation of life. Because of this, absolute harmony can never govern a human society.

Learning and Degree Program Essay

Describe the information literacy skills you have gained over the entire program and how you use technology and resources to accomplish your goals. Throughout the entire program I have learned to better my writing and compression skills by using multiple types of media and technologies. Earning an education through an online program has made me very independent, to realize on my self for understand and interpreting directions and information using many sources. The sources I have become comfortable with include books, online articles, online videos and media. 2. Relational Learning Describe the ways and list the courses in which you transferred knowledge from life lessons and formal instruction to new situations. By taking time each week to reflect on what I have learned and how the teaching relate to my career and personal life I have developed critical thinking skills. Looking outside of the box, I am now able to stand back from a situation and apply what I have learned to new situations not covered in class. As I take more classes I am able to build my knowledge, applying concepts from earlier lessons to help me understand my current classes. 3. Community and Career Evaluate how your degree program has increased your critical awareness of your responsibility to contribute to society as both a citizen and a professional in your chosen field. My degree program has opened my eyes and made me realize how important my role is in my community as a citizen and as a professional. Many of the classes I have taken have made me realize that I am needed to take care of my future patients. I will do this by ensuring they have an advocate in their corner, embodying both laws and morals. As a citizen I realize that developing my career is my calling to serve my community and contribute to being a productive member of society. 4. Metacognition Describe where in your degree program you can show evidence as to reflective opportunities that demonstrate how your critical thought process and approach to completing course assignments, such as preparing for assessments and completing your portfolio project, has evolved. When I first began at Bryant and Stratton I remember feeling very overwhelmed and would try to complete all of my assignments and lessons at once. I do not feel this is idea for learning or efficiency. Now, as I complete portfolio projects and other assignments, I go about it very semantically. I first develop a plan and goals to complete each day or week depending on the size of the project. I then take the time to learn and research the topics being covered. Taking the time to really complete the project well and truly learn from the research is the key to developing critical thinking and completing the work as best as you can. 5. Communication Skills Demonstrate your proficiency in oral and written communication from various projects within your degree program, and how will those communication skills be of value in the workplace? Working online I have developed excellent oral and written communication skills. Because I am not working face to face with others it has forced me to write more clearly and concisely. I have to communicate through writing and make sure I am understood the first time as email and online discussions are not as fast as real-time communication and not being clear or understood the first time could cause an necessary delay. 6. Quantitative Skills Evaluate how the courses you have taken at Bryant & Stratton College have helped you to demonstrate proficient math skills that are relevant to your life, community and career At Bryant and Stratton I have taken math related classes that will help me in my career. For example, I have taken an accounting class that will help me to run my company’s office budget, payroll and determine revenues. In addition, gaining the knowledge of accounting skills will allow me to better run my own household finances. This is one way I will use math skill in an everyday setting!

Alvin Ailey And The Civil Rights Movement - 1233 Words

Alvin Ailey was a phenomenal choreographer, dancer, and activist whose work focused on the narrative of the African American during the Great Depression and the Civil Rights Movement. Informed and inspired by black church services, gospel music, and everything spiritual, the collaborations between him and Duke Ellington come as no surprise. Ellington’s career also focused on depicting â€Å"the character and mood and feeling of [his] people†, except he executed this artistry through musicianship in composing, conducting, songwriting, and bandleading. Together, they were both able to uplift and celebrate the Black American and their rich culture, during a time of trauma and the unforgivable horrors of slavery, meanwhile revolutionizing and†¦show more content†¦The amount of respect and willingness that these artists carried created environments of conceptual safety wherever they went, which is what truly allowed their art to become as compelling as it is. The two were also fortunate and successful enough to be able to travel globally, which certainly enabled even more space for artistic growth and evolution. The two both shared a love of exploring â€Å"the tempo of life in foreign countries, to savor the various foods, arts, and music of native people.† Ellington had the upper hand in travels since he began performing a bit earlier than Ailey did, but I do believe that his travels to Europe and North Africa definitely catalyzed the creative push it took to create The River. Traveling is the best thing anyone can do for themselves, but it’s that much more essential for an artist to do too. Ellington was one of the first to introduce Spanish spice into jazz and does so within this composition, presented primarily within the introduction of the ever playful french horn. Because this is still very much a ballet piece, this playfulness is also apparent within the wafting woodwinds, and through the percussive instrumentatio n of what might be the glockenspiel. Seeing as this was Ellington’s first composition of symphonic scale, the variety of sounds and moods is extensive, and its complexity would otherwise might not have been as thorough had he not traveled as much as he did. Shortly afterwards in 1971, Ailey choreographedShow MoreRelatedThe Reasons Why Humans Connect All Over The World1548 Words   |  7 Pagesand most important ways to bring a group of people together and the power of art can alter society s views and introduce new ideals into them. For example, Deborah Obalil who wrote Dancin to Freedom: A Historical Analysis of the Rise of the Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater, supports the idea of dance as international:    â€Å"Dance is a form of communication; it is body language taken to a greater extreme. In all societies, the physical interaction between people can be as important, if not moreRead Moredance1312 Words   |  6 Pages 18 October 2013 A Never Ending Movement â€Å"If you live in the elite world of dance, you find yourself in a world rife with racism. Let s face it.† –Alvin Ailey. Alvin Ailey was an African American dancer and choreographer, born in 1931 in Rogers, Texas. Ailey was responsible for creating one of the most popular dance companies of the twentieth century, known as the Alvin Ailey American Dance Theatre. The forming of this company began due to Ailey’s life long passion for dance, and his dream toRead MoreThe Role Of Modern And Expressionist Dance Essay1372 Words   |  6 PagesIn America, Martha Graham (The Queen of Modern Dance), Rudolph von Laban (Time Energy and Space), and Alvin Ailey (Gospel or Lyrical Spiritual Dance) developed and are developing for human movement methods of instruction that led to the development of modern and expressionist dance. The reason that modern dance is so popular is because it allows for the ability to move your body in a way that is comfortable to you. Also people in the 20th century were trying to get out of the strictness of balletRead MoreThe Impact Of Media On Racism In Society954 Words   |  4 Pagess books are one of the most practical and helpful tools for initiating these crucial conversations; they can also be used to emulate what it means to prevent and demolish racism and injustice. Successful communication on racial justice and human rights require a diversity of approaches informed by close attention to information, mediator, and audience. Andrea Davis Pinkney has helped dismantle racism in children s literature and became an accomplished advocate for racial justice through her workRead MoreMaya Angelous Great Influence and Success Essay679 Words   |  3 Pagesof the many influential voices of our time. Educating herself and having love for the arts helped mold her life into what she imagined becoming a poet, memoirist, novelist, educator, dramatist, producer, actress, historian, filmmaker, and even a civil rights activist. D uring her early years while still in High School Dr. Angelou experienced brutal racial discrimination directing her to the values of traditional African-Americans. In High School Dr. Angelou received a scholarship for a labor schoolRead MoreAlvin Ailey Cry2056 Words   |  9 PagesSouthern plantations and benefitted economically in the slave trade. However, this did not deter the abolition of slavery between 1774 and 1804, in all of the northern states. Despite this movement, the industry continued to be vital to the southern states. From the 1830s to the 1860s the abolition movement gained strength in the northern United States, led by free Africans such as Frederick Douglass and white supporters such as William Lloyd Garrison. While many abolitionists based their activismRead MoreAn Active Role in Shaping History Essay1590 Words   |  7 Pagesleaving the Caribbean by the 1960s to find change so that they could have better conditions for themselves and their families. Finally, in the United States political developments took place all over the country in many forms in the fight for civil rights and equality both before the law and in reality. Both Gomez and Jimenez and Flores covered the ascendancy of political organizations like the Black Panthers, the NAACP, and the Young Lords Party in the 1960s that affirmed their blackness and pointedRead MoreThe Life and Accomplishments of Maya Angelou Essay example1738 Words   |  7 Pagesshe toured Europe with an opera production for Porgy and Bess. Maya also studied modern dance with Martha Graham, danced with Alvin Ailey on TV, and recorded her first album â€Å"Calypso† in 1957. In the late 1950’s, Maya returned to New York, and joined the Harlem Writers Guild. While in New York City, Maya met and fell in love with Vusumzi Make, a South African civil rights activist. In 1960, the couple including Guy moved to Cairo, Egypt, where she served as the editor of The Arab Observer. SoonRead MoreBlack And White Liberal Reformers Essay2363 Words   |  10 PagesFrom the earliest years of European settlement in North America, whites enslaved and oppressed black people. Although the Civil War finally brought about the abolition of slavery, a harsh system of white supremacy persisted thereafter. In the early twentieth century, African Americans in the South and in many parts of nearby border states were banned from associating with whites in a host of institutions and public accommodations—schools, hospitals, old folks’ homes, rest rooms, waiting rooms, railroadRead MoreBlack Lesbian And Gay Families7002 Words   |  29 PagesEquality, gay, lesbia n, youth, family, What is Marriage Equality? Marriage equality is equity in the availability to all Americans, the civil rights and protections afforded by marriage. In contemporary parlance, marriage equality has centered on both the social justice movement and the legislative efforts to afford lesbian and gay Americans the same rights and freedoms with regard to marriage as are afforded to heterosexual Americans. Terms such as â€Å"gay marriage† and â€Å"same sex marriage† are

The Effects Of Sexually And Domestic Violence On...

Summary of Overview: Research was done to analyze the effects of being exposed to child abuse and domestic violence on adolescent externalizing and internalizing behavioral issues. This data was from a Lehigh Longitudinal Study which was conducted on 457 children. This experiment was created to understand how violence might alter the actions of the youth who experiences this on an everyday basis. This study focused directly on children who were exposed to child abuse only, domestic violence only, both, and neither. Moylan and colleagues (2010) results show that children who are exposed to ultimate violence such as child abuse and domestic violence are more likely to have internalizing and externalizing outcomes during their adolescent years. Summary of Background Literature: Children, in millions, are being raised in homes where only violence is prevailing. Not only is child abuse occurring, but also there is domestic violence which can result into serious complications as the children grow. Cases shows that a â€Å"double whammy† which signifies the child is being exposed to both types of abuse are likely to have much worse consequences (Moylan et al. 2010). Not only is this study viewing the well-being of a child, but also how their gender can affect the aftermath of this all. This study wants to support the conclusion that anxiety, depression, delinquency, commit violence crimes, and many more internalizing and externalizing behaviors increases in a child exhibitingShow MoreRelatedAccording To Federal Law Child Abuse Is Deemed As Any Type1327 Words   |  6 Pagesor failure to act upon on the part of a parent or caretaker which can result in death, serious physical or emotional pain, sexually explicit abuse o r exploitation or an action or failure of an action in which anything presents an imminent risk of serious harm. According to the journal of Family Violence every year 3.3 to 10 million children endure and witness abuse and violence in their homes. Research also shows that even 900,000 children are classified as maltreated by parents and other guardiansRead MoreThe Effects Of Sexual Abuse On Children Essay1954 Words   |  8 Pages Introduction Of the many problems faced by children and adolescents, few provoke such moral outrage as childhood sexual abuse. Many times, as on the television show â€Å"To Catch a Predator†, such abuse can be inflicted by strangers who may gradually become familiar with the child online. Sadly, however, often times the perpetrator of sexual abuse on children is someone much more familiar to the child- someone the child may even love. Sexual abuse can be hard to define becauseRead MoreA REPORT ON THE EFFECTS OF SIBLING SEXUAL ABUSE5691 Words   |  23 Pagesï » ¿A REPORT ON THE EFFECTS OF SIBLING SEXUAL ABUSE BY NWOKO ISRAEL. I STUDENT NUMBER-53918126 UNIQUE NUMBER-322943 POST GRADUATE CERTIFICATE IN EDUCATION, UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AFRICA. AUGUST, 2013. PREFACE In this report the word ‘’ Sibling ’’ is used to refer to children who grow up in the same family, whether they are step-children, foster children, adopted children or children by birth. Naturally and healthy sexual explorationRead MoreThe Effects of Sexual Abuse on Children4542 Words   |  18 Pageslikely to be at risk in both the short and the longer term. Finkelhor, (2006) describe the initial and long term effects of sexual abuse. Initial effects include fear, anger, hostility, guilt, shame, depression, sleep and eating disturbance, teenage pregnancy, disturbance of sexual behavior, difficulties at school, truancy, running away from home, early marriage and delinquency. Long-term effects include depression, self destructive behavior, anxiety, feelings of isolation and stigma, poor self esteemRead MoreFemale Criminality11608 Words   |  46 Pagesand females enter the justice system with differing behavioral and emotional needs (Gross, 2009, pp. 84). As such, one can see a basic understanding of the mental differences between men and women that may lead women to have different reasons for committing crimes at an elevated rate, along with committing different crimes than their male counterparts. Elizabeth Cauffman notes in her research that female crime has been linked to chronic behavioral problems during childhood, drug and alcohol abuse,

Characteristics Of Middle English Literature - 1356 Words

Social Structure in Middle English Literature In today’s time, we have modern day literature and it’s refreshing to be able to go back into the past and look at classic English literature to see how different literature has become. There hasn’t been another time frame of English literature like the Middle English Literature era. During the middle English era literature and its writers were unique and their pieces of literature were created during the Middle English era to cover a variety of many different literacy achievements. One quality that make the stories in Middle English Literature unique and different from the other literature eras is that there isn’t any real historical events, wars, or restorations to contribute to the†¦show more content†¦Church leaders were also powerful members of society and they took part in religious/ government roles, they often received a lot of blessings from the king. People from the lower class supported the church through donations they believed would help save their souls. To further discuss social status and class, Class and religion were a large influence and deciding factor to the status and social stereotypes of the time. Lives during this time were assigned status based on numerous variables. If a person was born into a poor family, the chances of them being smart was slim. Many lower-class people had a lack of education it made it things difficult for them to read books or understand anything written down. Since many lower-class people couldn’t read, it wasn’t uncommon for the authors during this time to create stories that were meant to be read by everyone. Brewer stated that, â€Å"The spoken, or oral, style, implies the poets presence among a known group. It was still natural in Chaucers day. He was close to the oral narrative tradition and imitates it in all his verse narratives. An oral style has marked characteristics based on the need to convey meaning clearly and immediately, usually to an audience familiar with traditiona l phrases and stories.† (Brewer, 2007) Brewer meant that Chaucers stories were written for all audiences no matter if they were upper or lower class. They would still be ableShow MoreRelatedSummary of Medieval and Renaissance Criticism1505 Words   |  7 Pages1101BA005 MEDIEVAL CRITICISM The period between the Classical Age and the Renaissance is vaguely named the Middle Age or the Medieval Age. In England, this period spans eight centuries and historians place it from the year of composition of Beowulf in 725 AD to 1474 AD when Caxton published the first book ever printed. The only standard work that dealt with Medieval Criticism is English Literary Criticism: The Medieval Phase by J.W.H Atkins published in 1952. One major development in this ageRead MoreAmbition and Death - the Story of the Renaissance in Macbeth1189 Words   |  5 PagesAmbition and death - the story of the Renaissance in Macbeth In the tragic drama Macbeth, written by William Shakespeare in 1606 during the English Renaissance, the hero, Macbeth, constantly declines in his level of morality until his death at the end of the play. Because of his change of character from good to evil, Macbeth s attitude towards other characters, specifically Duncan, Banquo, Lady Macbeth, and the witches, is significantly affected. In a larger sense, the theme of bad versus goodRead MoreEssay about Epic Conventions Applied in The Faerie Queene1711 Words   |  7 Pagesportion of such writers fail and burry in the dusty shelves of the literature whereas some other writers’ life time could not be long enough to complete â€Å"such divine duty that puts on the poets’ shoulders. (Sydney 47).Especially, when we look through the English literature, till the first existence of the national epic works, English writers feel the lack of epic writer figure such as Homer of Greeks, or Virgil of Latins in their literature and this obligates them to focus on writing in epic genre andRead MoreCriticism of the Church in the Canterbury Tales1576 Words   |  7 PagesThe Canterbury Tales, a collection of tales by Geoffrey Chaucer, was written in Middle English at the end of the 14th century (Encyclopaedia Britannica, 2011). It is considered to be the best work of literature in English in the Middle Ages (Johnston, 1998). Chaucer uses literary devices as no one had ever done. In addition, he chose to use English instead of Latin. This masterpiece is structured in a similar way as Bocaccios Decameron. The tales are organized within a frame narrative (EncyclopaediaRead MoreRenaissance: Impact on English Literature1723 Words   |  7 PagesRenaissance: Impact on English Literature .   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Renaissance is a French word which means rebirth, reawakening or revival. In literature the term Renaissance is used to denote the revival of ancient classical literature and culture and re-awakening of human mind, after the long sleep in the Medieval Ages, to the glory, wonders and beauty of mans earthly life and nature. The great literary movement, Renaissance began in  Italy  with the fall of  Constantinople  in 1453. But its influenceRead MoreEssay about Ben Johnson and William Shakespeare 1275 Words   |  6 Pageshonorary degree and would be considered one of the most learned men of his time (Ben). He would also gain the favor and patronage of James I and go on to write masques for the court and would be considered Englands first poet laureate (Ben Jonson English). Many considered Ben Jonson to be a difficult man with an argumentative personality. His squabbles with other playwrights are legendary (book). However, Ben Jons on was a passionate perfectionist who encouraged and embraced the revival of classicismRead MoreAfrican American Vernacular English Language Essay1732 Words   |  7 PagesAfrican American Vernacular English African American Vernacular English can be described as an assortment of American English that is mostly used by urban-working class and mostly bi-dialectical middle-class black Americans. The language is also commonly known as Black Vernacular English or Black English. In some cases, particularly outside the academic community, it is referred to as Ebonics given its distinctive features and similarities with other non-standard English varieties. The similaritiesRead MoreEssay on Unraveling the Mystery of William Shakespeare582 Words   |  3 Pagesconsidered the division between the Middle Ages and the Modern Era (Fabio Castellan 3). During this movement literature was one of the many arts that took on an innovative form due to the new and awakened perspectives of man. However before the Renaissance, known as the medieval times, people were considered subject to God. For this reason, medieval literature placed a great emphasis on the blend of fantasy and reality. Though literary characters displayed human characteristics, their personalities transcendedRead More Compare and contrast how the three male characters are presented to us913 Words   |  4 Pagesus in The Millers Tale and consider their roles in the Fabliau. The three male characters in Chaucer’s ‘The Millers Tale’ present many of the classic themes in and genre ‘Fabliau’. In English literature there is only a small amount of these tales and half of those are Chaucer’s. While in French literature there are over 300 stories. Nicholas is presented at the start of the ‘tale’ as gentle (hende) shy and therefore trusted and experienced in passionate courtly love, we can tell from hisRead MoreWhy Is Literacy Is A Secondary Goal?1388 Words   |  6 Pagesliteracy equation for our students. Literacy encompasses three components for students; Reading Workshop, English Language Arts (ELA) and Writing. These subjects will be taught as a block, particularly in the early grades when students are progressing from learning to read, to reading to learn, so that students have more opportunities to link the concepts together. One of the key characteristics that sets high progress classrooms apart from typical classrooms is the teachers in these classrooms.

Describe about Automatic Washing Machine - Microchip PIC18F Series

Questions: Find a real-world (household, etc.) control system that uses some kind of transducers and describe the characteristics of the system following the formatbelow.(a) What is the system for? Describe the application/goal of the system?(b) What sensors (transducers) are used in the system? (note: the answer is expected to be more than just displacement sensor but more detailed, such as LVDT, optical shaft encoder, etc.) Briefly describe the mechanism, expected inputrange and output accuracy.(c) Why is this type of transducer used and is there any alternative? (d) Describe expected nature of the signal output from the transducer (e.g. level of voltage/current, noise level, etc.). What kind of signal conditioning is needed? (e) Draw the block diagram, show controller/plant and the input/output measured variables.(f) How much does it cost, what is the most expensive part?(g) Discuss the accuracy of the whole system, considering its intended application.(h) Discuss the limitation of the contr ol system and how it could be improved. Considering these improvements and the intended application, why have the designers not included them in the design? Answers: Washing Machine The washing machine is used to wash the clothing and sheets. It washes the clothes using water. These washing machines are used to wash the clothes in two ways, top load, and front load. Application / Goal The application or goal of the washing machine is to perform the series of tasks like washing, rinsing and spinning to complete the washing of cloths. The machine is designed with the goals of performing the following three tasks. Washing Many of the washing machines include internal electrical heating elements to heat the water used for washing. It is useful as the rate of cleaning action of the detergent can be increased. Special detergents are used for the washing machine towards releasing different ingredients of chemicals at various temperatures. Not all machines use the electrical heaters and cold water filling is done, as the cold water washing is safe for the biological detergents. Rinsing After washing of the cloths with the chemical detergents is completed, the process of rinsing is started. Rinsing is performed multiple time after washing with the detergents. There must be a trade-off between usage of more water and a number of rinsing cycles. Spinning Spinning, especially, with high speed can remove more water, which eventually leads to dry the clothes faster. In some of the machines, heated cloth-driers are also used to increase the drying rate of the cloths. The machine spins the tubs with the speed equal to or less than 700 rotations per minute. SENSORS Washing machines use many sensors in order to perform the three functions called washing, rinsing and spinning to wash the clothes. The machine uses the control systems to perform these tasks. The control system is established in the machine for controlling the motor, which is the crucial part of the design of the machine. The control system of the washing machine is controlled by the PWM(Phase Width Modulation) feature, related to the microcontroller. Motor Speed Sensor The first and important sensor used in the washing machine is the motor speed sensor, which is well interfaced with the microcontroller. The sensor is used to read the speed of the motor and passes the signals to the motor to control the speed accordingly. The reading and control of the speed of the motor are done differently during different phase of the washing processes. Motor direction driver circuit is used to determine the motor direction. When the motor rotates in the forward direction, the current is driven in the forward direction and eventually, the motor is rotated forward. In contrast to that, the motor reverse direction driver makes the motor rotate in the reverse direction. The overall speed is controlled with the help of the PWM driver. Door Sensor The door sensor is kept at the highest priority. When the door or the lid is opened, the sensor immediately raises the external interrupt 0, with the highest priority. The output of this sensor goes low when the door is open and the operation of the machine does not start. Then the alarm is activated to close the door. Pressure Sensor The pressure sensor is an important sensor that continuously senses the amount of water. If the filled water is less than water to be filled, it continues, else inputs the microcontroller to exit. It indicates fill tub. It also controls the operation of the drain, by continuing the water drain, until the water level is not empty. Stain Sensor / Dirt Sensor Stain sensor senses the quality of the clothes instantaneously. The sensor gives the inputs to the microcontroller, about the wash cycles, the amount of water, the time required, accordingly for optimization. It is enabled in fully automatic mode. The sensor analyzes the level of dirt using two test tubes that contain LED and LDR. When the dirt is more, means when it is more opaque, light focused from LED will be less, and the LDR resistance increased. Eventually, the voltage across LDR reduces, showing the level of the dirt. Temperature Sensor The temperature sensor is used to sense the temperature of the water and then sends input to the microcontroller to control the water heater operation. Leak Sensor The sensor works and enables automatic washing machine valves of water shutoff. When the water leaks hot and cold water valves will be closed. Mains Failure Sensor The sensor checks the power input continuously and if the power failures, it indicates the necessary function. Load and Flow Sensor The sensor detects the volume of the laundry load accordingly helps to control the water amount to load. Additional Sensors There are analog input channels, like AN2, AN3 and AN4 set and reserved in washing machines so that additional sensors can be added to upgrade the control system of the washing machine. Specifications Switching voltage ranges from 190 to 260V and Breakdown voltage ranges to approx. 320 V Switching current is 0.5 A Carry Current is 1.5 A Operating time = 0.5 milli seconds Release time = 0.1 milli seconds Storage temperature ranges from -20 to 850C Operate temperature ranges from -35 to 850C Dynamic Contact Resistance = 200 milli Ohms Static Contact Resistance = 150 milli ohms Contact Rating is 10 W Reason For Using These Transducers The transducers used are for temperature, pressure, stain, door and motor speed sensors. These transducers are used as the most effective ways to measure the actual input parameters as well as the desired input parameters. The reasons for using the sensors are for better accuracy and longer working life Alternatives There are alternatives to the sensors, where the function of the sensors can be replaced. The alternative is the micro switch or reed switch. For instance, the door open sensor can be replaced by the micro switch. A reed switch can also be used to sense whether the door is closed or not. (d) Describe expected nature of the signal output from the transducer (e.g. level of voltage/current, noise level, etc.). What kind of signal conditioning is needed? Let us consider thermal sensor in the washing machine. Thermal sensors are the semiconductor junction diodes that provide the output signal, according to the thermal sensing properties. The output current signal is given as I = I0(eqV/kT -1) Where I0 = T3/2 e qVg/kT, I = current k = Boltzmannas constant T = Temperature q = constant V = Voltage The thermal sensors made of semiconductor material has the temperature range of -40 to 150 C The output signals are either in current or voltage form. Commercial temperature sensors are available with the temperature range of -400 C to 10000 C. Signal Conditioning The process of signal conditioning of the sensors in the washing machine is done in multiple stages. Filtering It is the first stage of the signal conditioning. Washing machines are given the mains power with 50 or 60 Hz frequency. Filtering is done to extract the valid data needed from the signal frequency spectrum. Along with the signal or valid data extraction, noise levels may also be increased. Amplifying There are two important functions of the amplification in the sensors of the washing machine. The first function is to increase the resolution that is available with the input signal and along with that the signal-to-noise ratio will also be increased. The output level may not sufficient for the ADC or Analog-to-Digital converter to process. In such cases, it is important to increase the output voltage level that is sufficient for the ADC. For example, an electronic temperature sensor of the washing machine may produce the output in millivolts that may not be sufficient for the ADC to process to volts and amplification can help to increase the level of voltage. Programmable gain amplifiers or instrumentation amplifiers are used in the sensors of the washing machine. Isolation Isolation is done after the amplification stage to pass the output measured signal from the source towards the device used for measuring, all without need for the physical connection. The advantage of isolation here is the isolation of the signal perturbations sources possibly. For washing machine sensors, either optic isolation or magnetic isolation can be used. Block Diagram The overall function of the washing machine can be described as below. The washing machine system is to be operated with single phase AC that varies the voltage from 10VAC to 250 VAC. The system has to be enabled itself to protect the system against the variations of the power supply. The washing machine provides three modes of operation, called fully automatic, semi-automatic and manual. The preference of mode is taken from the keypad. When the fully automatic mode is chosen, intervention of user requirement must be nil. The system should start the work automatically, operate until the end automatically and at the end of the operation, the machine must notify the end of the operation to the user. The sensors sense the quantity of cloth, water temperature, load, the requirement of water, detergent required and wash cycle time, according to the mode selected. In the semi-automatic mode also, the requirement of the user is nil. However, certain washing conditions must be specified. Then the system has to perform according to the specifications and notify the user at the end of the operation. In the manual mode, the user has to continuously specify the kind of operation to the machine related to the control system. For instance, the user has to specify wash only option and the corresponding control system information like load, amount fo water, wash time, etc. After completion of the operation, the system has to notify the user. Importantly, when the door or lid is opened, it should system should stop working, in less than 10 seconds. The washing machine has to provide the basic features such as washing, hot wash, cold wash, rinsing, spinning, etc. The system has an easier possibility of upgradeability with new features. Both the hardware and software must be compatible with fewer and more features. When any feature is removed, the rest of the features should not get affected, not disturbing the overall operation of the system. When the power failure occurs, the machine has to restart its operations from where it was stopped, after the power is resumed. Controller Many sensors give the input to the microcontroller, and the microcontroller sends the input accordingly to the respective devices. Sensors provide the output to the instrumentation amplifier, eventually bringing the output voltage levels in the range from 0V to 5V. Cost The microcontroller is the most expensive part of the washing machine. It is around 5000 to 6000 USD. Accuracy Of The Whole System Washing machines are very accurate machines, where the accuracy of the operation, right from voltage, current, water level, every aspect is considered as an accurate system. That is why the applications of the washing machine can be extended to washing the clothes, without the presence of the user. Question (h) Automatic washing machines run on the basis of open loop control system and run the machine according to the pre-set time to perform the tasks of washing the cloths. Though there are good number of control systems, like they can help in finding the solutions for many regular and tedious tasks and security problems for accurate measurements there can be associated limitations that they may cause problems as they can set off any point of time. Though the washing machines are highly reliable and can work human-independent, they can easily cause problems and become dangerous. These limitations of the control systems can only be improved through usage of the reliable transducers, like all kinds of sensors in this case of the washing machine. The reliability of the sensors can be improved with the additional design of alarm system, where the operational issues of the sensors are risen. Most of the washing machines are very reliable, as they operate human independent. However, better designs with the additional alarm system can minimize the catastrophes by the operation of the washing machines. Limitation Of The Control System Of Washing Machine The washing machine uses the open loop control system. The negative loop of the control system can be useful and can improve the control system used in the washing machines. Negative feedback and closed loop systems cannot be used as the gain need to be more and there must be adequate output for operation of the washing machine. References Embedded System for Automatic Washing Machine Using Microchip PIC18F Series Microcontroller, [Online]. Available at https://www.idc-online.com/technical_references/pdfs/electronic_engineering/Embedded_System_PIC18F_Series_Microcontroller.pdf. Accessed on 11 February 2016. Walerie-Anne Giscard dEstaing. The Second World Almanac Book of Inventio New York; Pharos Book, 1986. A. Grimes, E. C. Dickey, and M. V. Pishko (2006), Encyclopedia of Sensors (10-Volume Set), American Scientific Publishers David John Cole, Eve Browning, Fred E. H. Schroeder, Encyclopedia of Modern Everyday Inventions, Greenwood 2003 David Harris Sarah Harris (2012).Digital Design and Computer Architecture, Second Edition Heath, Steve (2003).Embedded systems design. EDN series for design engineers (2 ed.). Newnes. Agarwal, Anant. Foundations of Analog and Digital Electronic Circuits.Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005 Hristu-Varsakelis and W. S. Levine (Ed.): Handbook of Networked and Embedded Control Systems, 2005 Dong, and W,-J. Kim, Markov-chain-based Output Feedback Method for Stabilization of Networked Control Systems with Random Time Delays and Packet Losses, International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems, vol. 10 C. Martins, M. A. Dahleh and N. Elia, "Feedback stabilization of uncertain systems in the presence of a direct link," IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, Volume 51, Issue 3, 2006

Johnson and Johnson Case Study

Table of Contents List the Alternatives Analyze the alternatives in the case Recommendations Works Cited Johnson and Johnson being one of the largest pharmaceutical companies in United States, has experienced growth within its’ various sections. The firm hasn’t been so much affected by the expiry of patents on drugs since it took the necessary precautions and still experiences high sales. The new manager of JJ has the challenge of maintaining the high level of sales during his tenure (Johlke and Duhan 265-267). The company faces new rivalry from the market that has seen its sales slowing down.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Johnson and Johnson Case Study specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Its’ new invention, drug-coated stent, has been held for a long time by the Food and Drug Administration and possibly will face fierce competition from Boston Scientific Corporation whose stent is preferr ed in the market. This is because JJ stent is highly priced and medical personnel say that its’ use is so much involving as compared to the rest. The rate at which the company acquires assets has also declined over the past few years (Barret 177-182). List the Alternatives The firm has to embark on increasing the rate of acquiring assets and building of small businesses. These business enterprises must be given full independence on strategy implementation and financial control. Instead of waiting for the approval of one drug, Waldo should drive the company towards scientific advancement that will enable innovation of other drugs. Besides dealing with drugs, the company should look into how they can also produce other medical devices. Good communication network should be established between the firm and its constituent businesses. This should be for accountability purposes and enhancement of all the company’s operations (Kohli 53-8). Analyze the alternatives in the case The firm only managed to buy fifty two businesses over a period of ten years. This is not convincing since its below the expectations of a big company such as JJ. Improvement in the research and development will enable the company to expand its capacity to accommodate more employees and also improving on its ability to produce quality products. Currently the company employs approximately nine thousand three hundred scientists within its labs (Barret 177-182). Forming partnership with other related companies will interfere with JJ independent nature that it has enjoyed for several years. The increased sales from the sale of brand will mean that the company commands a big percentage of the customer base (Cravens and Piercy 2009). The firm needs to work on the projects that will enable it offer extra services and enable them reduce on the cost of production. This might as well be linked to the company’s’ researchers working on an invention that enables easy prediction an d identification of those suffering from certain diseases like cancer.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The brand of the company should also be designed to depict the firm’s scientific nature; this will assist in luring consumers hence promoting the products sales (Grà ¶nroos 3-12). The use of this idea was practically experimented in the year 2002 and the results were positive since the sales increased by 4.9% from the year 2000 (Barret 177-182). Recommendations In order to improve on its research and development programs, JJ should form partnership with other related companies since it will help in cost sharing and also improvement of drug output and quality. The manager needs to recruit aggressive sales personnel who will attack the market from every corner applying appropriately the elements of the market mix. This will ensure that their competitors are not given enough space to device new strategies. Works Cited Barret, Amy. â€Å"Staying on Top: Johnson and Johnson case Study†. Business week, May 6 (2003): 177-182 Cravens, David and Piercy, Nigel. â€Å"Strategic Marketing†. McGraw Hill. 9th edition. 2009. Grà ¶nroos, Christian. â€Å"Relationship Approach to Marketing in Service Contexts: The Marketing and Organisational Behavior Interface†. Journal of Business Research, Vol. 20, (1982): 3-12. Johlke, Mark and Dale Duhan. â€Å"Testing Competing Models of Sales Force Communication†. Journal of Personal Selling Sales Management. Vol. 21 (4), (2000): 265-277. Kohli, Jaworski. â€Å"Market orientation: Antecedents and consequences†. Journal of Marketing, 57, (3) (1993): 53-81.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Johnson and Johnson Case Study specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This essay on Johnson and Johnson Case Study was written and submitted by user Keira Reid to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.